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Writer's pictureLeila Myllymäki-Hay

Lithuania - History, Culture, and Cuisine Await!

What are your plans for 2025? Lithuania has been named the second top travel destination by Lonely Planet, and it’s no wonder why! With its blend of medieval history, resilient spirit, and vibrant culture, Lithuania offers an intriguing and inspiring destination for travellers.


The Hill of Crosses in Lithuania

The Hill of Crosses Image: Laimonas Ciūnys_Lithuania Travel


This small Baltic country has a fascinating history of resilience and survival. Once the heart of the vast Grand Duchy of Lithuania, which in the 14th century stretched from the Baltic to the Black Sea, Lithuania faced centuries of upheaval - from being part of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth to occupations by the Russian Empire, Nazi Germany, and the Soviet Union.


During the Nazi occupation, Lithuania suffered devastating losses, including the near destruction of its Jewish population in the Holocaust. Yet, despite these trials, Lithuanians fought for their identity through revolts and guerilla resistance during Soviet times. Lithuania regained its independence in 1990, and today, the nation stands proud, deeply connected to its roots, and eager to share its rich heritage with visitors​.


Vilnius, Cathedral square at night

Vilnius, Cathedral square at night - Image by Laimonas Ciūnys, Lithuania Travel


Vilnius: Where Old Meets New

Vilnius’s Old Town, a UNESCO World Heritage site, is an architectural and cultural marvel. With its narrow, winding cobblestone streets and Gothic, Renaissance, and Baroque buildings, it offers a glimpse into centuries past. Don’t miss St. Anne’s Church, a Gothic masterpiece, and Vilnius Cathedral, a symbol of Lithuania’s deep-rooted Catholic heritage. For panoramic views, climb the Gediminas Tower, where you can look out over the city’s diverse architectural landscape.


For a deeper look into Lithuania’s recent history, visit the Museum of Occupations and Freedom Fights, often called the KGB Museum. Located in the former KGB headquarters, this museum offers a sobering yet insightful exploration of Lithuania’s struggles under Soviet occupation. Visitors can walk through the basement prison cells, where political prisoners were detained, tortured, and executed, while learning about the anti-Soviet resistance, deportations to Siberia, and the personal stories of those who fought for Lithuania's freedom.


A short walk away, the Hill of Three Crosses stands as a symbol of Lithuania’s resilience and faith. According to legend, the monument commemorates seven Franciscan friars martyred in the 14th century. Destroyed by Soviet authorities in 1950, the monument was rebuilt in 1989, representing both Lithuania’s suffering and hope for the future. The site offers stunning views over the city, making it a perfect stop for reflection and appreciation of Vilnius’s beauty.


Gallery in Užupis, Vilnius, Lithuania

Užupis - Image: Daumantas Každailis


For a taste of Vilnius’s creative and quirky side, visit Užupis, the self-declared independent republic within the city, home to artists, free spirits, and charming cafés. This bohemian district even has its own constitution, complete with tongue-in-cheek rights such as “Everyone has the right to make mistakes” and “Everyone has the right to be happy.”

Trakai Castle in summer, Lithuania

Trakai Castle - Image: Giedrius Akelis


Trakai: Medieval Charm and Karaim Culture

Just a short drive from Vilnius lies the enchanting town of Trakai, known for its picturesque Trakai Island Castle, nestled on an island in Lake Galvė. This fairytale-like castle, surrounded by serene waters, was once the seat of Lithuanian dukes and offers a glimpse into Lithuania’s medieval past. Today, visitors can explore the castle’s history museum and enjoy the scenic beauty of the area with boat rides or a peaceful walk along the shore.


Trakai is also home to the Karaim community, an ethnic group that has lived in Lithuania for centuries, bringing their unique culture, traditions, and cuisine. Be sure to try kibinai, a traditional Karaim pastry filled with meat or vegetables, which has become a popular local dish. This fusion of history and culture makes Trakai a perfect day trip from Vilnius.


Klaipėda: Gateway to the Curonian Spit

Klaipėda, Lithuania’s port city, is the gateway to the stunning Curonian Spit, a UNESCO World Heritage site known for its dramatic sand dunes and quaint fishing villages. Klaipėda itself offers a blend of German and Lithuanian history, with charming timber-framed houses and a lively harbour area. Visit the Klaipėda Castle Museum for a glimpse into the city’s rich past, or simply enjoy a stroll along the waterfront.


A woman on the Parnidis dune, Curonian Spit, Lithuania

Parnidis dune, Curonian Spit - Image: Simas Bernotas


Curonian Spit: Nature’s Masterpiece and Amber Legacy

Stretching for 98 km, the Curonian Spit is a unique natural wonder. Its rolling dunes, pine forests, and beaches offer a serene escape. The town of Nida is one of the highlights, famous for its picturesque wooden houses and long tradition of attracting artists. Nobel Prize-winning author Thomas Mann had a summer house here, now a museum that provides insights into his connection with the region. As you explore further, don’t miss Witches’ Hill in Juodkrantė, an enchanting place filled with whimsical wooden sculptures depicting characters from Lithuanian folklore.


The Curonian Spit also holds a deep connection to Lithuania’s amber harvesting past. The Baltic region is known for its amber, often called "Baltic gold," which was harvested from the sea and used in jewellery and art for centuries. Visitors today can learn about amber’s history at museums or visit local workshops where artisans continue the tradition of amber crafting.


Palanga Pier  at sunset, Lithuania

Palanga Pier - Image: Lithuania Travel


Palanga: Lithuania’s Seaside Escape

If you're seeking a refreshing Baltic Sea breeze, Palanga is Lithuania’s most popular seaside resort town. Famous for its long stretches of sandy beach, Palanga Pier, and vibrant atmosphere, this coastal town is a summer hotspot for both locals and tourists. The beautiful Botanical Park and Palanga Amber Museum, housed in a neoclassical mansion, are must-sees for visitors interested in Lithuania’s amber heritage.


Hil of Crosses in Lithuania

Hill of Crosses - Image: Marius Jovaiša


The Symbolism of the Hill of Crosses

Located near Šiauliai, the Hill of Crosses is one of the most powerful symbols of Lithuania’s resilience and religious devotion. Over 100,000 crosses of all sizes and materials cover this small hill, placed by both locals and visitors from around the world. The site dates back to the 19th century, but it became a beacon of hope and resistance during the Soviet occupation when religious expression was banned. Despite repeated efforts by Soviet authorities to bulldoze the hill, locals continued to rebuild and add more crosses, turning the Hill of Crosses into a powerful emblem of Lithuanian spirit and faith. Today, it’s not only a religious pilgrimage site but also a place that reflects the deep connection between Lithuania’s history and its people's perseverance.


A mother and her daughter getting off a funicular in Kaunas, Vilnius

Funicular in Kaunas - Image: Simas Bernotas


Kaunas: Lithuania’s Modernist Gem

Lithuania’s second city, Kaunas, is celebrated for its modernist architecture and vibrant cultural life. Laisvės Alėja, the longest pedestrian street in Europe, is the perfect place to soak in the city’s lively atmosphere. The city's modernist buildings reflect its golden era as Lithuania’s temporary capital in the interwar period.


Kaunas also has a unique way to see the city from above - the Žaliakalnis and Aleksotas funiculars, two charmingly old-fashioned railways that will take you up to fantastic viewpoints. The Žaliakalnis Funicular, built in 1931, is one of the oldest in Europe and offers a scenic journey to the Christ’s Resurrection Basilica, where you’ll find breathtaking views of the city.


Ninth Fort near Kaunas, Lithuania

Ninth fort, Kaunas - Image: Andrius Aleksandravičius, Lithuania Travel


Kaunas Ninth Fort Museum is today one of the largest monumental sites in Europe. This unique 50-hectare site is a memorial complex comprising a World War II mass murder site and a burial ground. Today, the site serves as both a museum and a memorial, honouring the victims of the Holocaust and Soviet deportations. It’s a deeply moving place that offers insights into Lithuania’s tragic and complex past.


Water fountain the lake in Druskinkai, Lithuania

Druskininkai - Image: Giedrius Akelis


Druskininkai: Relaxation and Soviet History

For those seeking relaxation, the spa town of Druskininkai is the perfect escape. Renowned for its healing mineral waters and mud baths, Druskininkai has been a spa destination since the 19th century. Visitors can indulge in a variety of wellness treatments at the town’s many modern spas or simply enjoy the natural beauty of the surrounding forests and lakes.


For a unique historical twist, visit Grūtas Park, an open-air museum filled with Soviet-era statues that were removed after Lithuania regained its independence. The park offers a somewhat eerie glimpse into Lithuania’s Soviet past while also serving as a symbol of the country’s resilience. Druskininkai Spa Hotel, with its traditional spa treatments and elegant architecture, is a must-visit for those wanting a taste of the town's historical charm combined with modern luxury.


A lady taking bread out of the wood fired oven in Lithuania

Black bread baking - Image: Simas Bernotas


Lithuanian Food Culture: Tradition, Flavour, and Local Gems

Lithuania’s food culture is hearty, comforting, and deeply connected to its rural traditions. One of the country’s staples is black rye bread, which has been a part of the Lithuanian diet for centuries. Traditionally baked in wood-fired ovens, this dense, flavourful bread is often served with soup, cheese, or simply butter. For Lithuanians, black bread is more than just food -it's a symbol of home and sustenance.


The national dish, cepelinai, is a must-try. These large potato dumplings are filled with meat, curd cheese, or mushrooms, served with a creamy bacon sauce. Another favourite is Šaltibarščiai, a vibrant cold beet soup that’s especially refreshing in summer. For dessert, the towering šakotis (a tree-shaped cake) is a showstopper at celebrations.


If you're visiting Vilnius or Kaunas, here are some top spots to savour Lithuanian flavours with a modern twist:


Restaurant Recommendations in Vilnius:

  • Nineteen18: A Michelin-starred restaurant offering a refined, locally-sourced dining experience

  • Džiaugsmas: Known for its stripped-back, flavour-centric dishes, this Michelin-starred restaurant focuses on fresh, seasonal ingredients

  • 14 Horses: A Bib Gourmand-awarded restaurant, 14 Horses is renowned for its seasonal dishes made from local produce


Restaurant Recommendations in Kaunas:

  • Monte Pacis: Located in the beautiful Pažaislis Monastery, this Michelin-featured restaurant combines history and modern Lithuanian cuisine

  • Uoksas: A contemporary restaurant in Kaunas, Uoksas serves innovative, flavour-packed dishes


A group of folk dancers in traditional costumes at Vilnius Song & Dance Festival

Song & Dance Festival - Image: Go Vilnius


Song and Dance Festival: A Celebration of Culture and Heritage

One of the most iconic cultural traditions in Lithuania is the Song Festival (Dainų Šventė), a massive event that brings together thousands of singers and dancers to celebrate the nation’s folk music and dance traditions. The festival is part of the Baltic Song and Dance Festivals, which have been recognised by UNESCO as part of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. This festival is a grand display of national pride, unity, and cultural identity, with over 30,000 participants from across the country. If you're lucky enough to visit during this time, it's an experience that truly captures the heart and soul of Lithuanian culture.


A girl running on the Parnidis dune, Curonian Spit, Lithuania

Parnidis dune, Curonian Spit - Image: Simas Bernotas


Explore Lithuania with fine by nature

fine by nature can craft your perfect Lithuanian journey, blending the best of this beautiful country's history, culture, and natural landscapes. Whether you want to explore Vilnius’s Old Town, immerse yourself in Trakai’s Karaim heritage, or venture to the windswept Curonian Spit, we design bespoke tours tailored to your interests.


Lithuania is also perfectly situated for exploring the entire Baltic region. With Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania all nestled together, it’s easy to explore the rich diversity of all three countries in one seamless trip. In just a few days, you can experience Tallinn’s medieval charm, Riga’s Art Nouveau splendour, and Vilnius’s vibrant history. At fine by nature, we can create a customised itinerary that takes you through the most beautiful cities, stunning landscapes, and cultural treasures of the Baltics, giving you a full, immersive experience of this compact yet diverse region.


If you are into exploring new destinations on a bicycle, check our Baltics on a Bike tour with departures now available during Northern Hemisphere's summer 2025.


A couple cycling past the Saaremaa Windmills in Estonia

Saaremaa Island windmills - Image: Thorsten Broenner


Winter is also a magical time to visit the Baltic capitals, with their stunning Christmas markets. Each city - Vilnius, Riga, and Tallinn - hosts beautiful festive markets, offering an enchanting alternative to the busier and more crowded markets in Central Europe. From charming stalls filled with local crafts to twinkling lights and cosy treats, the Baltic Christmas markets bring a delightful, less-touristed holiday experience. We can help you plan the perfect winter getaway to explore these hidden gems at their most magical.


Christmas market stalls in Riga, Latvia

Riga Christmas Market - Image: LiveRiga



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